Emotional AI in Cities: Cross Cultural Lessons from UK and Japan on Designing for An Ethical Life

都市における感情認識AI：日英発倫理的生活設計に関する異文化比較研究

 
pepper-emotional-support-robot.jpg
shutterstock_398923810-897x500.jpg
PRI_161952027-1.jpg
e8496893d5b62cbd474e7d91f14f2c54.png
Passenger-Metrics-1.png
Winter-Halo-Band-on-Wrist-1-1024x670.jpg
Workplace.jpg
PARO-seal-with-care-home-resident-Flickr.png

2020 empirical work

Funded by the UKRI-JST Joint Call on Artificial Intelligence and Society, this 3-year project began Jan 1st 2020. The goal is to answer how UK and Japanese societies may best live with technologies that sense, profile, learn and interact with people’s feelings, emotions and moods.

We are interested in all aspects of personal, social and everyday life. This includes objects, entertainment, advertising, media, health, wellbeing, work, mobility, travel, education, policing, security, and more. Fundamental to wellbeing, feeling and emotion touch upon most aspects of life.

For both Japan and the UK we ask, what are the societal implications of the emergence of these technologies, how will emotional AI be deployed in our cities, what is coming next, how do citizens feel about it, are policies appropriate, and what are the relevant ethical debates given the connections and differences between the countries?

Investigators: Prof. Vian Bakir (Bangor), Prof. Nader Ghotbi (Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific), Mr. Tung Manh Ho (Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific), Prof. Peter Mantello (Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific/Japan PI), Prof. Andrew McStay (Bangor/UK PI), Dr. Diana Miranda (Stirling), Prof. Hiroshi Miyashita (Chuo), Dr. Lena Podoletz (Edinburgh), Dr. Hiromi Tanaka (Meiji), Dr. Lachlan Urquhart (Edinburgh), Dr. Alex Laffer (Bangor).

Advisory board

  • Dr. Andrew A. Adams, Meiji University, Deputy Director of the Centre for Business Information Ethics.

  • Frederike Kaltheuner, Mozilla and European AI Fund.

  • Jag Minhas, CEO and Founder of Sensing Feeling

  • Gawain Morrison, CEO and co-founder of Sensum.

  • Pamela Pavliscak, emotionally intelligent design expert, Change Sciences, Pratt Institute.

  • Other members pending.

2020年、始動

本プロジェクトは、UKRIとJSTによるAIと社会に関する3年間の共同研究助成（英語、日本語）に採択され、2020年1月1日に始動しました。日英両社会が人々の感情を読み取り、識別・学習し、相互に作用するテクノロジーといかにしてうまく共存できるのかを明らかにすることを目的としています。

 

研究にあたっては、個人、社会、日常の生活のあらゆる側面に関心を寄せています。例えば、モノ、娯楽、広告、メディア、健康、ウェルビーイング、仕事、移動性、旅、教育、治安などですが、それはウェルビーイングや感情にとって不可欠なものは私たちの生活のほとんどの側面に関係しているからに他なりません。

 

本研究では次のような問いを設定しています。

・日英両国について新しい技術の登場がいかなる社会的意味を持っているのか。

・その技術は両国の都市においてどのように利用されているのか。

・また今後どのような展開を見せ、またそこに暮らす人々はどう捉えているのか。

・両国におけるこの新たな技術に関する政策は適切であるか。

・歴史や人口構成が異なる両国において倫理の面ではどうか。

・技術の利活用のみられる問題だけでなく「良い」使い方はどのようなものか。

 

本プロジェクトの全体的な目的は、感情認識AIに対する反応について文化比較、市民、複数セクターの参加、予見的かつ学際的なアプローチといった視点から検討することにあります。日本とイギリスは共にAIに関しては先進国ですが、その技術が出てきた社会的文脈や歴史は異なります。従って相互に学ぶ上で意味のある知見を得ることができると考えます。

 

本プロジェクト構成員：

ヴィアン・バキール教授（バンゴール大学）

ラクラン・アークハート博士（エジンバラ大学）

ディアナ・ミランダ博士（ノーザンブリア大学）

アンドリュー・マックステイ教授（バンゴール大学、イギリス側研究代表者）

ピーター・マンテロ教授（立命館アジア太平洋大学、日本側研究代表者）

ナデル・ゴトビ（立命館アジア太平洋大学、日本側研究代表者）

宮下紘准教授（中央大学）

田中洋美准教授（明治大学）

2019 scoping workshops

Across 2019 the Emotional AI team held a series of workshops in Tokyo and London to scope out key issues of interest for this interdisciplinary work. Funded by the ESRC, we brought together UK and Japanese academics, industry, artists, NGOs and policy makers and the defence sector. This was to ask whether ethical and privacy considerations are the same in the UK and Japan, or if they emerge out of a situated social context? And, if so, what are the similarities and differences? 

Full projects details here

Do please have a look at the project reports: UK and 日本語

2019年に開催したワークショップ

本プロジェクトの実施チームは、2019年、この学際的な作業にとって重要なイシューを絞るために東京およびロンドンにて複数回に渡り、ワークショップを開催した。イギリスの経済社会研究会議（ESRC）の助成を受け、日英両国の研究者、芸術家、NGOや企業の関係者、政策立案者、防衛関係者が参加したこれらのワークショップでは、倫理面やプライバシーの面での問題などについて両国での類似点や相違点を検討すると共に、それらの問題が似たような社会的文脈から生まれているのかどうかなどを議論した。

 

ワークショップ報告書全体版（英語）

プロジェクト報告書（英語、日本語）

Tokyo workshop.jpg
Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg
Seedrs-Presents-Renaissance-Hotel-graphic-Oct2016-1024x512.png

Outputs so far / これまでの成果

2020 onwards / 2020年

Writing

  • Sailaja, N. Lindley, J. Urquhart, L. McAuley, D and Forrester, I. 2021. Human Data Interaction Through Design: An Exploratory from Theory to Practice Using Design as a Vehicle. Proceedings of ACM SIGCHI 2020 (Extended Abstracts) pp 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3441344 .

  1. Urquhart, L. 2021 ‘Future Challenges for Responsible Smart Technologies’ contribution

  2. Bakir, V. 2020. Psychological Operations in Digital Political Campaigns: Assessing Cambridge Analytica’s Psychographic Profiling and Targeting. Frontiers in Political Communication. 5(67). Paper.

  3. Bakir, V. & A. McStay. (2020) Empathic Media, Emotional AI and the Optimization of Disinformation. In M. Boler and E. Davis (eds.) Affective Politics of Digital Media: Propaganda by Other Means. New York: Routledge. Description.

  4. Manh Ho, T. Book Review of How emotions are made: The Secret Life of the Brain, by Lisa Barret, for Emotion, Space and Society, Elsevier Publishers.

  5. Mantello, P. and Ponton, D. “Virality, Emotion and Public Discourse: The role of memes as prophylaxis and catharsis in an age of crisis” in Discourse and Rhetoric amid COVID 19 Pandemic:Dis/Articulating The ‘New Normal,’  special issue for Journal of Rhetoric and Communication E-Journal, Issue 47, Jan. 2021. In press.

  6. McStay, A. (2020) Emotional AI, Soft Biometrics and the Surveillance of Emotional life: An Unusual Consensus on Privacy, Big Data & Society. Paper.

  7. McStay, A. and Rosner, G. (2021) Emotional Artificial Intelligence in Children’s Toys and Devices: Ethics, Governance and Practical Remedies, Big Data & Society. (In Press)

  8. Miyashita, H., EU-Japan Mutual Adequacy Decision, in Yumiko Nakanishi & Olivia Tambou (eds.), The EU-Japan Relationship, Open Access Book, 2020.

  9. Miyashita, H. Human-centric Data Protection Laws and Policies: A Lesson from Japan, Computer Law and Security Review, October 2020. Paper.

  10. Tanaka, H. In press/2021. “The youth’s social media use and gender.” Information and Communication Studies 2020.

  11. Tanaka, H. Forthcoming/2021. “Gender and Media.” Kadobayashi, Takeshi, and Masuda, Norihiro, eds. Critcal Words: Media Theory. Tokyo: Film Art, Inc.

  12. Tanaka, H. Forthcoming /scheduled 2021. “Digital Technology and Gender.” Gender Center, Meiji University, ed. Diversity and Creativity in the Twenty-first Century. Tokyo: Meiji University Press

Academic conferences

  • Emotional AI Team (2021) Computers, Privacy and Data Protection panel organisation on Emotional AI and Cities, Brussels, Belgium, Jan 2021 (Miyashita organiser, Urquhart chair, Podoletz panelist)

  • Urquhart, L. (2021) Talk on Trustworthy By Design AI. Centre for Information Governance Research Panel on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems. University of Sussex. 7 May 2021.

  • Miranda, D. and Urquhart, L. (2021) Talk on Expecting the Future: Emerging Narratives around Automated Facial and Emotion Recognition Technologies. 4S/ Society for Social Studies of Science Conference, Toronto, Canada. 9 October 2021

  • Urquhart, L. (2021) Talk on Regulating Human Centred AI. AI Summer School at Bilgi University, Istanbul. 9 Sept 2021

  • Urquhart, L. (2021) Invited participant to AI and the Rule of Law Workshop, Edinburgh. 12-14 December 2021.

  • Urquhart, L (2021) Invited participant to Public Service Media and AI: Law and Regulation Workshop. University of Edinburgh, Online. 16 November 2021.

  • Bakir, V. (2020) Fake news, emotions and action in pandemic times, XXXII Meeting of Philosophy & Theory of Human Sciences”, Philosophy Department, UNESP, Brazil Oct2020 (Bakir, keynote conference paper and panel discussion)

  • Bakir, V. & A. McStay (2020) Mediated Emotions and COVID-19, Deakin Univ, Australia, Apr 2020

  • Bakir, V. & A. McStay (2020) Emotional AI & disinformation, Centre for Information Governance Research Annual Conference, Sussex Univ., UK, Apr 2020 (2 conference papers & panel discussion

  • Emotional AI Team (2020) Emotional AI and Empathic Technologies: Rights, Children and Domestication, CPDP panel, 2020 (Jan 2020, McStay panel organiser)

  • McStay, A (2020) Feeling-into Everyday Life: Empathic Technologies and Ontology (Jun 2020) Russian Academy of Sciences and URAL University, Moscow (McStay conference paper)

  • Miyashita, H. Cultural Attitudes towards Privacy, 54th APPA meeting, 10 December 2020.

  • Miyashita, H. and J. Ellermann, B. Kaiser and J. Toscano (2020) Mass surveillance capitalism – the social (media) dilemma remains Unsolved, 5th EDEN Event on Data Protection in Law Enforcement. 17 December 2020.

  • Tanaka, H. 2020. Digital technology and gender change. Annual Meeting of the International Society for Gender Studies, online, 13 September 2020

  • Urquhart, L (2021) ACM Conference on Computer Human Interaction Workshop on Human Data Interaction and Design, Japan/Online Apr 2021 (Urquhart organiser)

  • Urquhart, L (2020) Invited Legal Expert Speaker to THRIDI Project Workshop on Trust in Smart Homes, Nov 2020.

Non-academic

Think tank/policy advice

Standards development

McStay is an IEEE P7014 member, helping to define a global standard for ethical considerations and practices in the design, creation and use of empathic technology.

Educational Materials

McStay delivered 2 lectures on Emotional AI and human rights for UN Global Campus of Human Rights MOOC (with Ed Snowden and Joe Cannataci) – Dec 2020.

Report on 2019 workshops / 2019年

Emotional AI: Japan & UK Final Report on a Conversation Between Cultures: UK and 日本語


 
 
ESRC.png
UKRI.png
JST.png